Make The World A Better Place With Infrastructure

What is infrastructure?

The Infrastructure basic structure of an organization, system,

The basic structure of an association or scheme which is required for its operation, esp. Public water, energy, and systems for communication and transportation

The stock of secure capital equipment in a country, including factories, roads, schools, etc., considered as a determinant of economic growth.

These infrastructure systems, which require huge primary investments, are essential for enabling productivity in an economy. Most projects are either completely funded by the government or heavily subsidized.

Infrastructure can include

•           Road & railway systems, tunnels, and bridges.

•           Mass-transit systems, including buses, subways elevated trains, etc.

•           Energy-generating facilities including power stations, wind farms, hydro-electric plants, etc.

•           The national power grid; electrical power lines and connections.

•           Telephone cables and mobile phone towers.

•           Reservoirs and dams.

•           Pumping stations and levees.

•           Ports, airports, waterways and canals.

•           Hurricane barriers.

•           Fire-fighting equipment and personnel.

•           Health services, hospitals, clinics, and emergency response systems.

•           Education, including schools, colleges, universities, and other adult education facilities.

•           Police and prisons.

•           Waste removal and sanitation facilities.

The primary raw materials used for the construction of physical infrastructure include

1.       Clays

2.        Gravels

3.       Rock

4.        sands

5.       Wood

6.       asphalt / bitumen (processed from petroleum but also found naturally)

7.       bricks (made from clays)

8.       Cement (i.e. clay, limestone or calcium silicate)

9.        Ceramics (primarily from clays)

10.    Concrete (i.e. cement plus sands and gravels of various sizes and water)

11.    Foam (synthetic polystyrene or polyurethane)

12.    glass (melted sand and silicates)

13.    metals (primarily aluminum from bauxite; iron and steel from iron ore)

14.    Paper (from wood)

15.   Plastics.

Secondary sources of statistics were used to project the associated raw material requirements: bauxite for aluminum, limestone and clay for cement, and iron ore for steel. Estimates associated with the energy and water requirements and likely carbon emissions associated with mining and using these resources are also provided.